puzzles/misc.c

/*
 * misc.c: Miscellaneous helpful functions.
 */

#include <assert.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>

#include "puzzles.h"

void free_cfg(config_item *cfg)
{
    config_item *i;

    for (i = cfg; i->type != C_END; i++)
	if (i->type == C_STRING)
	    sfree(i->sval);
    sfree(cfg);
}

/*
 * The Mines (among others) game descriptions contain the location of every
 * mine, and can therefore be used to cheat.
 *
 * It would be pointless to attempt to _prevent_ this form of
 * cheating by encrypting the description, since Mines is
 * open-source so anyone can find out the encryption key. However,
 * I think it is worth doing a bit of gentle obfuscation to prevent
 * _accidental_ spoilers: if you happened to note that the game ID
 * starts with an F, for example, you might be unable to put the
 * knowledge of those mines out of your mind while playing. So,
 * just as discussions of film endings are rot13ed to avoid
 * spoiling it for people who don't want to be told, we apply a
 * keyless, reversible, but visually completely obfuscatory masking
 * function to the mine bitmap.
 */
void obfuscate_bitmap(unsigned char *bmp, int bits, int decode)
{
    int bytes, firsthalf, secondhalf;
    struct step {
	unsigned char *seedstart;
	int seedlen;
	unsigned char *targetstart;
	int targetlen;
    } steps[2];
    int i, j;

    /*
     * My obfuscation algorithm is similar in concept to the OAEP
     * encoding used in some forms of RSA. Here's a specification
     * of it:
     * 
     * 	+ We have a `masking function' which constructs a stream of
     * 	  pseudorandom bytes from a seed of some number of input
     * 	  bytes.
     * 
     * 	+ We pad out our input bit stream to a whole number of
     * 	  bytes by adding up to 7 zero bits on the end. (In fact
     * 	  the bitmap passed as input to this function will already
     * 	  have had this done in practice.)
     * 
     * 	+ We divide the _byte_ stream exactly in half, rounding the
     * 	  half-way position _down_. So an 81-bit input string, for
     * 	  example, rounds up to 88 bits or 11 bytes, and then
     * 	  dividing by two gives 5 bytes in the first half and 6 in
     * 	  the second half.
     * 
     * 	+ We generate a mask from the second half of the bytes, and
     * 	  XOR it over the first half.
     * 
     * 	+ We generate a mask from the (encoded) first half of the
     * 	  bytes, and XOR it over the second half. Any null bits at
     * 	  the end which were added as padding are cleared back to
     * 	  zero even if this operation would have made them nonzero.
     * 
     * To de-obfuscate, the steps are precisely the same except
     * that the final two are reversed.
     * 
     * Finally, our masking function. Given an input seed string of
     * bytes, the output mask consists of concatenating the SHA-1
     * hashes of the seed string and successive decimal integers,
     * starting from 0.
     */

    bytes = (bits + 7) / 8;
    firsthalf = bytes / 2;
    secondhalf = bytes - firsthalf;

    steps[decode ? 1 : 0].seedstart = bmp + firsthalf;
    steps[decode ? 1 : 0].seedlen = secondhalf;
    steps[decode ? 1 : 0].targetstart = bmp;
    steps[decode ? 1 : 0].targetlen = firsthalf;

    steps[decode ? 0 : 1].seedstart = bmp;
    steps[decode ? 0 : 1].seedlen = firsthalf;
    steps[decode ? 0 : 1].targetstart = bmp + firsthalf;
    steps[decode ? 0 : 1].targetlen = secondhalf;

    for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
	SHA_State base, final;
	unsigned char digest[20];
	char numberbuf[80];
	int digestpos = 20, counter = 0;

	SHA_Init(&base);
	SHA_Bytes(&base, steps[i].seedstart, steps[i].seedlen);

	for (j = 0; j < steps[i].targetlen; j++) {
	    if (digestpos >= 20) {
		sprintf(numberbuf, "%d", counter++);
		final = base;
		SHA_Bytes(&final, numberbuf, strlen(numberbuf));
		SHA_Final(&final, digest);
		digestpos = 0;
	    }
	    steps[i].targetstart[j] ^= digest[digestpos++];
	}

	/*
	 * Mask off the pad bits in the final byte after both steps.
	 */
	if (bits % 8)
	    bmp[bits / 8] &= 0xFF & (0xFF00 >> (bits % 8));
    }
}

/* err, yeah, these two pretty much rely on unsigned char being 8 bits.
 * Platforms where this is not the case probably have bigger problems
 * than just making these two work, though... */
char *bin2hex(const unsigned char *in, int inlen)
{
    char *ret = snewn(inlen*2 + 1, char), *p = ret;
    int i;

    for (i = 0; i < inlen*2; i++) {
        int v = in[i/2];
        if (i % 2 == 0) v >>= 4;
        *p++ = "0123456789abcdef"[v & 0xF];
    }
    *p = '\0';
    return ret;
}

unsigned char *hex2bin(const char *in, int outlen)
{
    unsigned char *ret = snewn(outlen, unsigned char);
    int i;

    debug(("hex2bin: in '%s'", in));

    memset(ret, 0, outlen*sizeof(unsigned char));
    for (i = 0; i < outlen*2; i++) {
        int c = in[i];
        int v;

        assert(c != 0);
        if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
            v = c - '0';
        else if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
            v = c - 'a' + 10;
        else if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
            v = c - 'A' + 10;
        else
            v = 0;

        ret[i / 2] |= v << (4 * (1 - (i % 2)));
    }
    return ret;
}

/* vim: set shiftwidth=4 tabstop=8: */